Contractual, Legal and Ethical Obligations

The employment legislation protection came about in the 1970's covering the following;

• Equal Pay Act 1970
• Sex Discrimination Act 1975
•  Race Relations Act 1976

The development of the legislation increased adding other protections such as; disability discrimination and the human acts rights in 1998, these eliminated discrimination to all audiences and lead to acceptability to the terms added to each gender as this prohibited discrimination in the terms within the contract. All these acts were in order so that it's fair and no one will be treated less favorable due to different material circumstances.

Code Of Practice:
Channel 4 legislation affects companies by encouraging those of independence to use key principle designs to support the creative and commercial aspirations. Channel 4 favor those of independence instead of an in house production as Channel 4 are the only public service broadcaster to operate solely as a publisher broadcaster with interest of the majority of programming commissioned from independent producers providing a clear, high level framework over different categories seeking to secure participation over other programmes and incomes therefore  structuring for a conclusion of negotiations.
Provisions for monitoring the application of this code and resolving any disputes interest with the
nationwide institution having a larger responsibility  broadcaster more edgy than BBC work with independent companies such as warp.

Policies And Procedures:
A policy within filming allows photographs to an extent when consistent with protection. Due to weathering conditions it may impose restrictions and limited access. All filming activities require a permit.
Basically policies and procedures are a set of rules and regulations that will differ from project to project but will be on the same base rules. An example of this is smoking on set. Although not illegal in the eyes of the law, in a lot of projects smoking on set or area of project is banned for the safety and respect of other workers.
ITV as an organization adopts a set of policies that are guide lines for a long term goal that is widely accessible. These are designed to influence and further dictates all determined decisions and actions.
All activities taking place are set specifically to employ and express policies in everyday operations to insure by governing body that the organization is translated with an outcome compatible to their boundaries.

Emerging social concerns:
Moral problems relate to subjects such as the race population, class, disability, and gender. Once concern that has arisen within the last decade is: identity theft.
Identity theft is where a person or machine steals your information and pretends to be someone else obtaining your identity as their own to gain access to resources and benefits you have access to.

Representation:
Stereotypes can sometimes be shown in a negative way for example: religion may be given a dis service which would be unfair for large broadcasters to mis represent the religion therefore they must  bear this in mind. An example of this is Brits is Brits about an outgoing status. It explains that anyone  can be British but the attitude difference depends entirely on the individuals portrayed within the show, showing both opposing sides equally. With this being a documentary, it allows the individuals to dig a hole to dominance in violence in comparison to human rights that deliver a fair representation.
Presenters encourage and observe the people on the show to express their opinions adding a counter opinion as the show doesn't take sides therefore this gives a general audience response as we allow ourselves to interpret the information differently, representing all classes as ever class shows their opinion linking to new emerging concerns of status.

The legal obligations in Television and Film are somewhat important, especially since different acts were passed through the government and through regulatory bodies such as Ofcom. The different acts include the Race Relations Act 1976 which focuses on race related problems, the Broadcasting Act of 1990 which was created to reform British Broadcasting, the Obscene Publications Act 1959 which regards censorship, and finally the British Board of Film Classification (BBFC) which regards the classification of films regarding the nature of the film.

Broadcasting Act 1990

The Broadcasting Act 1990 was made to structure the Broadcasting system in Britain, and was founded during the regime of the controversial Margret Thatcher. The Act was forced upon the main terrestrial channels throughout the United Kingdom, such as the BBC, ITV and Channel 4. It also allowed for the creation of Channel 5, and a growth of satellite television such as Sky. An updated version of the Act in 1996, managed to cover codes of practice, the consideration and adjudication of complaints, and the monitoring, research, and reports on standard in broadcasting.

http://media3.bournemouth.ac.uk/profstudies/3medialaw/02acts.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcasting_Act_1990

Race Relations Act 1976

The Race Relations Act 1976, is an act which was enforced by the parliamentary government in the United Kingdom, to crack down on unnecessary discrimination on the grounds of race. This act covers the main discriminatory grounds such as Race, Colour, Nationality, Ethnic and National origin within areas of employment, services, education and public venues. This act was replaced with a more bolder act which merged different acts together, to create the Equality Act 2010.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_Relations_Act_1976

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equality_Act_2010

Obscene Publications Act 1959

The Obscene Publications Act 1959, governs what can and cannot be published in England and Wales, whether that be in Print, or Televised format. The act's main area of expertise involved the area of Pornography within media. The main point of this act, was to stop offense from happening, by showing indecent imagery in media. There have been some loopholes where nudity has been shown on the television, however these examples have been for medical purposes, or as part of an artistic expression, plus the nature of the programming has not been sexually intended, therefore it is ok to broadcast this type of programming.

http://h2g2.com/edited_entry/A679016

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obscene_Publications_Acts

British Board of Film Classification

The British Board of Film Classification (Or BBFC in short), was established in 1912, as a non-governmental organization, which is funded by the film industry. The BBFC classifies all films that are sold in the United Kingdom. Classification is made using a number of factors, regarding the nature of sexual activity, language or comments made within the film. The lowest rating (U), is suitable for all ages, whereas one of the highest certificates (18), is only suitable for people aged 18+. The latter rating makes it highly illegal for someone to sell a film to someone that is younger than 18.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Board_of_Film_Classification

http://www.bbfc.co.uk/

Belonging to a Trade Union

Trade Unions are established organizations, run by members who are workers and employees, where they look at the interests of a working environment.  They discuss subjects such as the negotiation of pay and conditions, the discussion of big changes and concerns that employees have, and going to disciplinary/grievance meetings. Joining a trade union isn't a necessity, but is helpful towards your rights in the workplace. All it takes is a small membership fee. In the Media industry, the biggest trade union is BECTU.

https://www.bectu.org.uk/about

https://www.gov.uk/join-trade-union

Understand Developing Technologies In Television And Film Industries

Digital recorders 

Digital recorders also known as PVR which are devices that are used to record audio and video inputs, usually from television signals and are saved onto a hard disk. Within households the hard disk is located within the box i.e: sky box, sky+ box and tivo. This allows us to record programmes/films we won't to watch but for specific reasons is unattainable therefore we record them so we can allow ourselves to watch them when we are available. It other functions are used within streaming as Sky subscription allows you to download films and programmes to keep in recordings as you have the licence that allows you to do this whereas paying subscription for Netflix limits you to your availability to what you can do as their is no proprietary hardware that feeds us a download option therefore we can't record films instead we can only watch them although improvements have been made with linking the two together as new boxes such as now TV allow us to stream Netflix as well as record our own shows.
 

Interactive TV

Interactive TV adds data services to per-existing television technologies and is known as a form of media convergence and as a result affects the way in which the audience interacts such as; real time voting to reflect the shows ending; the red button to play interactive games related to the specific program and being able to use shortcut controls like pause, rewind or fast forward. Interactive TV was connected and registered in 1994 that later carried on in the USA, 1995. Depending on the providers depends how you receive the path to view channels. Virgin media receives their programs via a cable that returned path enabled platforms through integrated cables whereas Sky recieives their programs via the broadcaster through regular telephone lines although they are charged for this service and billed. On the other hand free view is delivered via terrestrial aerials where data can't be sent back to the broadcaster which doesn't allow you to vote therefore a call line is available to ring within the specific show so your able to vote that way.  Interactive TV refers to varieties of different kinds both usage and technology, based within a TV set there is remote controls that enable channel surfing and have now evolved to produce other programs on demand that your able to pause and rewind/fast forward. This allows time shift for practical use to save time on scenes already viewed or adverts that are impractical. People interact with TV program content in many ways. One example is during the showing of big brother 8 viewers predicted who will win each competition , those who will head home and answering trivia questions previously answered through out the live shows. This has evolved further into internet activity in which people can now vote, predict or learn more about the specific show via Facebook, twitter and Intragram/ other social network systems.

Consumer Products

Technology products such as; computer provides the internet globally that allows free distribution amongst dependent filmmakers as it allows films to be watched on demand within social networks. For example; people tweet a film they've seen that develops free advertisement furthermore crowd sourcing within kick starter is used to generate interest and from the uplift of interest people pay money to pay for film to be produced. Facebook is incorporated within the advertisement through social networks as people create fan pages started by the company or the fan the largely populates a fan base for advertisement. In addition to computers, their powerful processors and large hard drives allow more information to save and fit more footage onto the drive and with the powerful processor, it's easier to edit and saves time and resources as the technical elements won't be as complicated due to data and transfer speed. DSLR's are integrated within aiding filmmakers as DSLR's allow producing films to be accessible to anyone as it produces good video quality without having to buy all the expensive equipment and you end up with a similar outcome. Mobile phones are an alternative to DSLR's as their are apps available that allows filmmakers to used pre-set effects and backgrounds as it makes create films a lot easier and you can now plug microphones into the phone so you don't have to buy all the expensive equipment instead you can save and just need to buy the essentials needed for what your wanting to produce and then easier to watch films on the phone due to high quality and also allows us to upload our films from our phones with ease linking to youtube/vimeo as were able to access these sites on both our phones and computers. The use of these sites create an up roar in sharing as one share from a well known You-tuber will create a large advertisement that is seen by the follows of the You-tuber and will create publicity as people will want to view your product as the You-tuber did therefore it must be interesting to watch. If your Youtube channel gets so many views alike to Vimeo, monetisation is liberating for the market as before it was an option it was incredible difficult to get into film as if no one sees your channel, your not loosing out as your only creating this in your spare time and if your channel becomes viral people may pay to see you do it professionally.

Internet

Internet is largely used with the television and film industry as streaming has arose in popularity as a way to help the artist reach their expectations. An example of this is an artist within the music production using streaming as a way to reach number one on the charts. Netflix is one of the many services that uses streaming as you need internet to Netflix access the films, due to the success have improved in how the consumers consumes th content within the company as their able to view the programmes there wanting to watch within their own convenience and don't need to wait for a cliff hanger in comparison as to watching your show weekly and having to wait to see what happens instead you can now just watch program after program, keeping records so you can re-watch that links to the similarities within the use of a DVD although DVD's only provide the footage for one film but can be played immediately. Netflix provides flexibility to attract it's audience through small fees known as a subscription so there able to make profit and in return doesn't show commercial advertisements to alter the viewing experiences of it's audiences. With the use of providing the full box set online for a specific series increases binging habits that inflicts on Netflix rating that creates key success as the audience become addicted and continue to watch their shows. People subscribe to companies such as; Netflix as it allows us to watch media content whenever through other technologies other than TV's such as; computers,laptops,tables and mobile phones.

Job roles and Working patterns

Job roles

Working Patterns

Tv and film industry involves are large group of people from different roles  to complete a task, together as their is a variety of methods of employment for flexibility that fit into different categories to suit all kinds of shift work; free-lance, fixed term, office hours, irregular hours or hourly rates. Employment with any company has start and finish dates, those that expire once the work is completed is known as piece work. The job roles involved fit into two categories, creative and non-creative depending on what the specific job roles requires. For example the director would fall under creative whereas the assistant director would fall under non-creative.  

Management

Within management they need to be effective by producing a successful process to achieve their goals and objectives. Managers come in many forms when working within the media industry due to the flexibility the role involves. A manager must uses their resources productively to assure that they create a successful outcome. A manager will look over aspects within the production such as; finacial distribution, transport, catering and organisation although they do not decide what happens on set, that is left to the producer and director. A manager controls an organisation to accomplish the purpose

Creative

The creation industry aims to provide a service that involves the following; direction,production office,camera;performance;scripts;costume and construction. All of the following roles help both on and off set for an accurate visual, that fits the purpose of the directors needs. The industry creates the final outcome of the finishing piece and must resemble accurately to the genre and be to a professional standard. 

Editorial

Editing is the process that involves preparation for the written, audible and visuals to convey information through the organisation. Condensation and modification are taken into account during the correction process to intentionally produce a consistent  and complete finalised piece. The editorial process involves many jobs such as; post production supervisor,title designer,second assistant editor and post production overview.

Technical

The development within the technical process involves many jobs such as the following; studio and broadcast, camera, post production sound and lighting. There job is to ensure that all technical aspects are examined and are accurately working otherwise they'll need to be fixed or replaced. The report to the director and follow a layout as to where the set up needs to be placed and the angle of the cameras and lighting, this is an important development otherwise without the technology a film can not be created. 

Research 

The search for knowledge is defined within the research. Beginning as a systematic investigation, open mindedly the researchers will establish facts, develop new theories, solve both new and existing problems. The primary purpose is for basic research to discover and further interpret the methods to apply new systems for the progression of advanced human knowledge. 

Finical 

People dealing within finance is the science of funds management. The general areas cover; production accounting, sales agent and unit publicist. Finance involves dealing with the money to improve profit sales and on occasions lend money as the field deals with the concepts of; time and money, risking how they are interrelated to precisely spend the money correctly.

Organisational

Within the roles of organisation, those who work will need to correctly manage people within the group professionally to ensure that all plans are followed correctly with a successful outcome within no mistakes. Within the industry the roles cover many areas such as; unit manager, location manager, transport manager and catering.

Administrative

Within business the performance of the management of business operations are consisted into making implemented decisions for major decisions. They are the universal process of organisation resources and those who work efficiently within the different departments to achieve the goals they are set within their brief. The roles involves are as follow; casting, accounts, health and safety and paperwork with the company.